The Taipei Times published a feature article I co-authored with J. Michael Cole, the Deputy News Editor of the Taipei Times, who traveled to Yuanli Township in Miaoli County with me ten days ago. My original intention was to go to Yuanli earlier on my own, as I observed Yuanli Township residents and their supporters come to Taipei on several occasions to protest. However, I am relieved of my decision to have a travel companion for what we experienced of the extraordinary behavior of the security guards hired by the wind power company.
The feature article elucidates the background to the controversy surrounding InfraVest Wind Power Co.'s endeavor to build wind turbines in Yuanli Township and the residents' resistance movement against it. It explains how things got to the way they are now.
Wind Turbine Trouble
“Where do
you want to go?” the old taxi driver inquired as we approached his car outside
the Yuanli (苑裡) train station in Miaoli County, a
small, antediluvian stop reminiscent of train stations in an old Western movie.
“Please
take us seaside, where they are building the wind turbines,” we said.
The
driver, assuming we were ordinary tourists, had evidently not expected such a
request.
“Why
would you want to see those?” he asked. “There are much better things to see
here — there’s a puppet show.”
PROTEST
Yuanli residents protest at the Control Yuan |
But we
insisted. While driving, he pointed toward a small community behind the
vibrantly green rice paddies, right by the seashore. “Those wind turbines are
trouble. People are protesting,” he said.
The
residents of Yuanli Township launched their resistance movement against InfraVest
GmbH, a German wind power company, in September, after a concerned Chen
Ching-hai (陳清海), a local artist and owner of the
Xin Diao Ju (心雕居) wood sculpture gallery, attended a
pre-construction information session for residents living within 250m of the
planned wind turbines. He learned that the firm intended to build 14 wind
turbines, each capable of generating 2,300 kilowatt hours (kWh) of energy,
along the township’s 2km pristine coastline.
But
something wasn’t altogether right: records of the meeting showed that only 18
people in the four affected communities were present at the briefing.
Worried
about the density and close proximity of turbines to their homes, Chen and the
residents formed the Yuanli Self-Help Group (苑裡反瘋車自救會). In all, of the 7,682 residents of Yuanli, 4,281 signed
the petition opposing the construction of so many turbines in their
neighborhood, and so close to their homes.
MONTHS
OF STRUGGLE
Mr. Chen |
Since
September, members of the self-help organization have protested at the Bureau
ofEnergy, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Executive Yuan, the
Control Yuan and in front of the InfraVest office in Taipei. Chen, the
leathery-skinned group leader, went on hunger strike for 10 days and had to
stop after he began throwing up blood.
The
organization claims that InfraVest manipulated data and paperwork to obtain
approval from the EPA. They also allege that the firm submitted a single
application for Yuanli, Tongsiao (通宵) and Jhunan (竹南) townships for the Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) to create the illusion of a much larger area for the
wind farms and to avoid the 10 percent land usage quota. By doing so, it also
avoided having to address the three townships’ idiosyncratic environmental
specifications. After receiving conditional EIA approval, InfraVest submitted a
Difference of Environmental Impact (DEI) evaluation and requested that five
wind turbine sites be shifted to Yuanli, bringing the total there to 14 and
above the 10 percent limit.
Turbines of Yuali County (Photo source: 苦勞網) |
More
importantly, the residents accuse InfraVest of not following the distance
requirement in the company’s own DEI report, which clearly states that “the
wind turbines should ideally be erected away from other structures, and for the
wind turbines facing north or south, the turbines should be at least 350m away
from each other. For the wind turbines facing east or west, the distance
between the turbines should be at least 210m.”
The
residents’ worries also go beyond what environmental specialist Vaclav Smil has
called “esthetic objections” (for the sake of comparison, the Statue of Liberty
is 93m tall ground to torch). They apprehend the low-frequency noise generated
by the turbines and fear they might develop a condition known as wind turbine
syndrome from living so close to them. Although the condition has yet to be
medically recognized, a number of scientists believe there could be a
correlation between a higher incidence of health problems and depression due to
long-term exposure to the low-frequency noise generated by wind turbines.
During
our visit at the No. 26 site, we briefly spoke with Galynn Brackett, the team
leader for equipment installation with Solvent GmbH Taiwan Branch, based in
Greater Taichung. We asked the American what he thought of the protests.
Safety distance and density concerns |
“You
know, I do my job and they do what they think is right,” he said. “Yes, there’s
a bit of noise, but given the choice between air pollution and that, I’d take
the noise.” Compared with fossil-fueled generation, wind power is indeed clean,
as it produces no CO2 and does not emit particulate matter, something that
cannot be said of coal generation or the oil industry.
He also
maintained that the InfraVest turbines use very little oil, which reduces the
risks of leaks and fire — and catastrophes that have made for gripping news
clips worldwide — and was adamant that the structures could withstand even the
most severe of Taiwan’s typhoons.
After
Yuanli residents began to physically block InfraVest trucks from accessing the
construction site, many students joined the fight. Meanwhile, Yuanli Township
Mayor Tu Wen-ching (杜文卿), a former legislator, and Miaoli
County Commissioner Liu Cheng-hung (劉政鴻) offered
negotiation and arbitration meetings, but those went nowhere, as the residents
felt that government officials were siding with the company. InfraVest
proceeded with construction as negotiations continued, a move that residents
saw as a sign of insincerity.
CORPORATE
INTERESTS
An InfraVest employee standing over the protesters |
The
strong resistance from Yuanli residents and university students has become a
source of frustration for InfraVest. The company has already invested
considerable resources in wind turbine projects on Taiwan’s west coast. Every
day the Yuanli project falls behind schedule, the company loses money and time
for projects elsewhere.
“I am
very sincere in negotiating with the residents,” said Wang Yun-yi (王雲怡), the vice president of InfraVest
Taiwan, who was overseeing construction at the No. 26 site the day we visited.
“I already made several concessions, but now the residents are saying they
won’t allow me to build any turbine. All our hard work in the past six or seven
years, down the drain.”
The
firm’s first wind turbines, also built in Miaoli, began operation in March
2006. According to the company Web site, a total of 165 wind turbines have been
built, or are being built, since the firm entered Taiwan in 2000. While other
firms have entered the Taiwan market, InfraVest has made no secret of its
intention to monopolize the country’s wind energy sector.
The firm
threatened to leave Taiwan in 2006 after it accused the government of not being
serious about green energy and cutting into its profit margins.
“Even
though we received approval to build 14 wind turbines, we are willing to build
just four. Just let us do our work and we’ll go after we’re done,” Wang said,
as private security hired by the firm filmed the conversation.
“They accuse us
of falsifying surveys. The fact is, we have permission to build here. By the
way, these protesters don’t even live near the No. 26 site.”
In
another press conference in Taipei on May 2, Wang sought to ease concerns about
turbine noise and blowing sand. She said that noise would not exceed 2Hz at a
location 70m away from the turbines, and the low-frequency noise measured from
150m away from a turbine would be 20Hz, “the same level of noise that an air
conditioner or a refrigerator produces.”
GETTING
NASTY
Counter-protesters with company-made placards |
Last
month and earlier this month, the Forestry Bureau and the Water Resource Agency ordered InfraVest to remove fences and road blocks on public roads leading to
the beach and to give the residents a seven-day notice before erecting any more
fences and resuming construction. After the EIA conference on June 3, the EPA
rejected InfraVest’s DEI evaluation to move five wind turbines to Yuanli and
pointed to the possibility that the firm manipulated data.
Outraged,
Wang said wind power has been demonized in Taiwan. She also blamed DPP
Legislator Lin Shu-fen (林淑芬) for “pressuring” and “influencing”
the EPA and the BOE.
Meanwhile,
InfraVest filed a NT$10 million (US$335,000) lawsuit against seven members of
the Yuanli Self-Help Organization. The company also distributed a pamphlet with
information supporting its claim that Chen’s residence and gallery — located
176m from one of the planned wind turbines — are illegal.
Yuanli residents blocking the trucks |
The lawsuit
prompted 12 civic organizations, including the Taiwan Association for Human
Rights, Covenants Watch, the Green Party, Green Citizens’ Action Alliance and
the Environmental Jurists Association to issue a joint public statement
condemning the company for using the law as intimidation.
InfraVest
also stepped up security by having dozens of security guards on site at all
time, where they trail, film, question and prevent visitors, residents and
students from going to the beach and embankment and approaching the
construction site. Their behavior is illegal, as they have no law enforcement
authority.
Skirmishes
involving police and protesters have forced the central government to intervene
after police used disproportionate means, and clashes between private security
officers and protesters on June 8 have raised serious questions about the
professionalism of the hired guards. All of this has contributed to turning a
local issue into a matter of national interest.
GREEN
ENERGY GONE BAD
As Lin
pointed out, government agencies must bear responsibility for approving
InfraVest’s proposal to build wind turbines on the west coast, and oversight
will have failed in its duties if InfraVest, as the self-help group alleges, in
fact manipulate data to obtain the permits.
Taiwan
needs a green energy solution. The Yuanli resident’s struggle against big
business can serve as a platform to begin discussions on the types of green
energy that are most suitable for Taiwan.
Protest banner in Yuanli Township |
A security guard and InfraVest employee's car |
Blocking the road to construction site |
Police on site, not doing much at all |
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